His father, Vasili the Grand Prince of Moscow, died when Ivan was just three years old and his mother passed away when he was eight. The young prince then became the object of power struggles between various members of the nobility, in particular, the powerful Shuisky and Belesky families.
While the royal court descended into a dangerous chaos of murder and intrigue, Ivan and his deaf-mute brother Iurii were treated no better than a couple of street urchins. Ivan the Terrible. There were times when Ivan and his sibling were left clothed in rags and on the verge of starvation. However, that was all in the future. Unable to take his frustrations out on his tormentors, Ivan took his anger and resentment out on animals instead, pulling the feathers out of live birds and throwing dogs and cats out of windows.
At the age of thirteen, Ivan finally bared his teeth. The powerful Shuisky family were by this time the de facto rulers of Russia having emerged victorious from their power struggle with the Belskeys to have control over the prince.
However, they had not reckoned on the boy they had ignored and abused for so many years. At a feast held in , Ivan accused the most powerful of the Shuiskys, Prince Andrei, of mismanaging the country and had him arrested and put to death.
Full power was transferred to Ivan on his sixteenth birthday. Two weeks later, he married his first wife, Anastasia. Indeed, it was a time of relative peace and progress. He introduced reforms that included an update of the penal code introduced by his grandfather, the establishment of a standing army and the introduction of regional self-governance.
Ivan also introduced the first printing presses into Russia and ordered the construction of the magnificent St. There is a story that persists to this day that Ivan was so impressed with the finished cathedral that he had the architect blinded so he could never produce anything so beautiful again.
Read more about: Russia Catherine the Great and the coup that made her Empress. What tipped Ivan over the edge and turned him from a reasonable ruler into a full-blown tyrant were two events that both took place in and The first was the betrayal of his great friend Prince Kurbsky. The second event was the death of his beloved wife Anastasia in Ivan was certain that his wife had been poisoned by his enemies.
Here, he wrote two letters signalling his intention to abdicate. His council of noblemen and clergymen attempted to rule in his absence, but when this proved impossible, an envoy was sent to beg Ivan to change his mind. Numerous sources indicate that Ivan was exceptionally fierce. At 15, he ordered one of his young friends Prince Mikhail Trubetskoy executed as a result of a petty argument.
He also demanded to cut off the tongue of another one of his young friends Afanasiy Buturlin for cursing at the tsar. During his lifetime, he murdered several people jesters or servants during outbursts of uncontrolled rage. The first half of the 16th century was the heyday of the Ottoman Empire, governed by Suleiman the Magnificent There was an imminent danger of the Russian lands being subdued and conquered by the Muslim Khans. Shortly after becoming the first Russian tsar in , Ivan the Terrible headed the military campaign against the Kazan Khanate, the most powerful remainder of the Golden Horde.
Russian priests, headed by Macarius of Moscow , declared that all Russian warriors who took part in the campaign were fighting for the Christian cause and gained eternal bliss if they died in these battles. To the awe of all Russian people, the young tsar himself headed all campaigns against Kazan, beginning from Contemporaries praised Ivan, who risked his own life by making it all the way from Moscow to Kazan, not sitting in his palace while his men risked their lives in battle.
In , as a result of yet another campaign, Ivan subdued Kazan and entered the city himself. This was really a hard-earned and important victory that was marked by the building of the St. Historians are not unanimous about when and where exactly it first appeared, but there are accounts that this nickname first started being associated with Ivan in the folk songs of the second half of the 16th century. If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material.
This website uses cookies. Click here to find out more. June 29 Some kind of it happened to Ivan IV. The childhood of Ivan affected his personality a lot. His mother, Elena Glinskaya, ruled as regent until her death in so Ivan became an orphan when he was 8 years old. Evidence indicate that he was very intelligent and sensitive boy. The court intrigue and constant danger that Ivan was exposed to while growing up formed much of his ruthless and suspicious nature.
He hated the royal class but had to make up his mind with them until he was underage. According to the legend the Cap is of Byzantine origin and had been presented by the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX. However, it is quite obvious that the crown is of Asian origin.
Ivan dreamed of unlimited power. In he was crowned Tsar or Czar of Russia. He was the first ruler of that title. Czar was translated into foreign languages as king or emperor that made Ivan equal to the most european rulers. Ivan IV started as a reformer who modernized and centralized the country. During the first period of his government he:. The building is shaped as a flame of a bonfire rising into the sky. There are no analogues among Russian churches.
It says that Ivan the Terrible had put eyes of the architects of St.
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