The findings, Spiegel said, were clear: Both groups had an active default-mode network, but highly hypnotizable participants showed greater co-activation between components of the executive-control network and the salience network.
More specifically, in the brains of the highly hypnotizable group the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, an executive-control region of the brain, appeared to be activated in tandem with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which is part of the salience network and plays a role in focusing of attention. By contrast, there was little functional connectivity between these two areas of the brain in those with low hypnotizability. Spiegel said he was pleased that he and his team found something so clear.
Spiegel also said the work confirms that hypnotizability is less about personality variables and more about cognitive style.
Spiegel and his team have recruited high- and low-hypnotizable patients for another study during which fMRI assessment will be done during hypnotic states. Funding for that work is being provided by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Casually mentioning that persons of low mentality seldom are good hypnotic subjects increases motivation. Even though this statement is not strictly true, all patients wish to be regarded as above average in intelligence.
Therefore, the remarks, by inference, increase their susceptibility. However, individuals with a real intellectual deficiency usually are insusceptible and tax the ingenuity of the operator.
Misdirection, by getting the subject's attention diverted to his own ideosensory or ideomotor responses, increases susceptibility to the operator's suggestions. As you do this, notice how very, very heavy your shoes are getting. Your shoes are getting heavier and heavier. It, too, is getting heavier and heavier … very heavy!
Notice that you are no longer aware of the pressure of the shoes; is that not true? Psychotherapists know that neurotics seldom relinquish the symptoms used to get attention. Such mechanisms are pleasurable. Naturally, this is vehemently denied. Instead, they ardently protest that they wish to be cured of their symptoms.
The hypnosis is not produced by him, but, rather, because the subject expects it to happen. The stage hypnotist likes to give the impression that his passes, staring eyes, and verbalizations produce the hypnosis. The stage hypnotist relies on the subjects to please not only him, but the audience as well. Another factor which determines the degree of susceptibility to hypnosis is the subject's ability to restrict his attention span to a given idea.
Participants with these variants scored highest for hypnotizability and absorption. For example, this capacity might help to explain why some people respond better to placebos, or are more likely to accept paranormal or religious experiences. Aleksandr Kogan of the University of Cambridge, UK, who works on the genetics of social psychology, says that the results fit well with what is known about the oxytocin-receptor gene, particularly for variants at site rs Bryant, R.
Psychoneuroendocrinology 37 , Raz, A. Paris 99 , Article Google Scholar. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Hopes grow over potential autism treatment Feb Self-hypnosis squelches allergies Jul The power of suggestion lingers Jun Brain scans show hypnosis at work Sep Richard Bryant.
Reprints and Permissions. Marchant, J. Those resistant to 'love hormone' may also be easier to hypnotize.
0コメント